The first independently designed locomotive in Germany was the Beuth, built by August Borsig in 1841. In 1838, the third steam locomotive to be built in Germany, the Saxonia, was manufactured by the Maschinenbaufirma Übigau near Dresden, built by Prof. The oldest continually working steam engine in the world also runs in Austria: the GKB 671 built in 1860, has never been taken out of service, and is still used for special excursions. In 1837, the first steam railway started in Austria on the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway between Vienna-Floridsdorf and Deutsch-Wagram. The Austria, the first locomotive in Austria It was the 118th engine from the locomotive works of Robert Stephenson and stood under patent protection. On 7 December 1835, the Adler ran for the first time between Nuremberg and Fürth on the Bavarian Ludwig Railway. They were to be used on pit railways in Königshütte and in Luisenthal on the Saar (today part of Völklingen), but neither could be returned to working order after being dismantled, moved and reassembled. Another locomotive was built using the same system in 1817. It is portrayed on a New Year's badge for the Royal Foundry dated 1816. It was the first locomotive to be built on the European mainland and the first steam-powered passenger service curious onlookers could ride in the attached coaches for a fee. Built in June 1816 by Johann Friedrich Krigar in the Royal Berlin Iron Foundry ( Königliche Eisengießerei zu Berlin), the locomotive ran on a circular track in the factory yard. In Germany, the first working steam locomotive was a rack-and-pinion engine, similar to the Salamanca, designed by the British locomotive pioneer John Blenkinsop. Photo of the Adler made in the early 1850s The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened a year later making exclusive use of steam power for passenger and goods trains. This success led to the company emerging as the pre-eminent builder of steam locomotives used on railways in the UK, US and much of Europe. In 1829, his son Robert built in Newcastle The Rocket which was entered in and won the Rainhill Trials. 1 for the Stockton and Darlington Railway, north-east England, which was the first public steam railway in the world. In 1825, George Stephenson built Locomotion No. He also constructed The Duke in 1817 for the Kilmarnock and Troon Railway, which was the first steam locomotive to work in Scotland. George Stephenson, a former miner working as an engine-wright at Killingworth Colliery, developed up to sixteen Killingworth locomotives, including Blücher in 1814, another in 1815, and a (newly-identified) Killingworth Billy in 1816. This locomotive is the oldest preserved, and is on static display in the Science Museum, London. It was intended to work on the Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne. Another well-known early locomotive was Puffing Billy, built 1813–14 by engineer William Hedley. In 1812, Matthew Murray's successful twin-cylinder rack locomotive Salamanca first ran on the edge-railed rack-and-pinion Middleton Railway. The Locomotion at Darlington Railway Centre and Museum
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